Archaeology Glossary

  • Artifact: an object that has been created or modified by humans
  • Ceramics: containers or parts of containers that have been made of clay and hardened with heat; pottery
  • Context: the place in the soil where an artifact was found, including the soil type and depth
  • Debitage: the debris created when one stone is hit with another stone
  • Feature: something that has been created by humans but doesn’t fit in a plastic bag; usually indicated by changes in soil color
  • Fire-cracked rocks: rocks that have been modified by fire; they have often been part of a hearth at some point
  • Flint knapping: the process of shaping stones into stone tools; this process creates debitage
  • Lithics: rocks or parts of rocks
  • Midden: a trash pile, often for domestic waste
  • Sherd: part of a ceramic container
  • Surface treatment: the pattern on the outside of a ceramic container, often identified by the material that was used to create the pattern (ex. Fabric, net, or cord)
  • Post mold: areas of differently-colored soil that indicate where a post used to be located
  • Projectile point: a weapon often made of quartz or quartzite; these points were sometimes attached to the heads of arrows but could also be attached to spears.

 

Examples of quartz

 

A projectile point made of quartz

 

This projectile point is also made of quartz; based on its shape, we identified it as a type of point called a Yadkin point.

 

Fire-cracked rock

 

Fire-cracked quartz